This was the first time a mechanical movement was caused by an electric current.Īndré-Marie Ampère (French) invents the cylindric coil (solenoid). Hans Christian Oersted (Denish) finds the generation of a magnetic field by electric currents by observation of the deflection of a compass needle.
Timetable 1800 - 1834: First experiments with electromagnetical devicesįor the first time Allessandro Volta (Italian) produces a continuous electrical power (as opposed to a spark or static electricity) from a stack of silver and zinc plates. There are several more or less well known names who were all deeply involved in the inventions (Bradley, Dolivo-Dobrowolsky, Ferraris, Haselwander, Tesla and Wenström). A single inventor for the three-phase power system can not be named.
The years 1885 until 1889 saw the invention of the three-phase electric power system which is the basis for modern electrical power transmission and advanced electric motors. DC motors still have a dominant market position today in the low power (below 1 kW) and low voltage (below 60 V) range. The foundations were laid by William Ritchie and Hippolyte Pixii in 1832 with the invention of the commutator and, most importantly, by Werner Siemens in 1856 with the Double-T-anchor and by his chief engineer, Friedrich Hefner-Alteneck, in 1872 with the drum armature. The DC motor was not created from these engines, but rather from the development of power generators (dynamometers). However, all the early developments by Jacobi, Stratingh, Davenport and others eventually did not lead to the electric motors we know today. In February 1837 the first patent for an electric motor was granted to the US-american Thomas Davenport. This is the first known practical application of an electric motor. In 1835 the two Dutchmen Sibrandus Stratingh and Christopher Becker built an electric motor that powered a small model car. In 1838 he provided a detailed description of his experiments with a Pixii-generator that he operated as a motor.
#Ac motors made in america generator#
the reversibility of electric generator and motor. It was not until 1839/40 that other developers worldwide managed to build motors of similar and later also of higher performance.Īlready in 1833 the German Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz published an article about the law of reciprocity of the magneto-electric and electromagnetic phenomena, i.e. His second motor was powerful enough to drive a boat with 14 people across a wide river. His motor set a world record which was improved only four years later in September 1838 by Jacobi himself. The first rotating device driven by electromagnetism was built by the Englishman Peter Barlow in 1822 (Barlow's Wheel).Īfter many other more or less successful attempts with relatively weak rotating and reciprocating apparatus the German-speaking Prussian Moritz Jacobi created the first real rotating electric motor in May 1834 that actually developed a remarkable mechanical output power.
The following is an attempt to provide a comprehensive and neutral picture. National histories are shaped accordingly until present day. Often the inventors knew nothing about each other and developed similar solutions independently. Inventions in the field of electrical science and its applications were in the air. New phenomena were discovered almost daily. Worldwide, many inventors worked in parallel on this task - it was a "fashion" problem. simulate a plunger rod of a steam engine. At that time it was still open whether electric motors should be rotating or reciprocating machines, i.e. With the invention of the battery (Allessandro Volta, 1800), the generation of a magnetic field from electric current (Hans Christian Oersted, 1820) and the electromagnet (William Sturgeon, 1825) the foundation for building electric motors was laid.
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